Sitta neumayer
Climbs bare rock faces and stone walls rather than trees, so it does not share habitat with Eurasian nuthatch
Underparts dirty white to buff, lacking the orange belly and rusty flanks of Eurasian nuthatch
Tail plain grey, without the white corner spots of Eurasian nuthatch
Builds a flask-shaped mud nest with a long entrance tube on rock, visible from far off
Bill long and heavy for the body, and the black eye stripe thins out towards the nape
Ringing accelerating whistles echoing off rocky slopes, usually heard before the bird is seen
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