Sitta europaea
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Climbs down tree trunks head-first, something woodpeckers and treecreepers cannot do
Uniform blue-grey above, buff to orange below, deepest rusty on the male's flanks
Bold straight black stripe running from the bill through the eye to the nape
Tail short and square, never used as a prop while climbing, unlike woodpeckers
Plasters mud around the entrance of its nest hole to narrow it, the origin of the Turkish name
Loud clear repeated "twit-twit-twit" whistles, far-carrying in spring
